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diving plane
Diving planes, also known as hydroplanes, are control surfaces found on submarines which allow the vessel to pitch its bow and stern up or down to assist in the process of submerging or surfacing the boat, as well as controlling depth when submerged.〔
== Bow and stern planes ==
Diving planes are usually fitted in two pairs, the ''bow planes'' at the front of the submarine and the ''stern planes'' at the rear. The stern planes function in much the same way as an aircraft's elevator. As the planes are a long distance fore-and-aft from the hull's centre of buoyancy, they introduce a pitching moment. Ballast tanks within the submarine adjust buoyancy to be neutral, making the boat controllable. The position of the planes controls the pitch of the boat and with the forward motion of the boat this controls depth. If not carefully controlled, this could lead to a 'porpoising' motion where the planesman continually hunted for a stable combination of depth and pitch.
For easier berthing close alongside a jetty, submarines have used folding bow planes that retracted alongside the hull. Earlier submarines (to WWII) used vertical folding planes perpendicular to their surface. US submarines referred to this stowage as 'rigging' the planes, and 'tilting' for their control movement. Later Soviet submarines have tended to fold backwards, into recesses in the casing.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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